Valve for internal-combustion engines



Oct. 29, 1929. H. R. RICARDO VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb 29, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 29, 1929. R RICARDO 1,733,696

VALVE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 29} 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 34m me'mfo Patented Oct. 29, 1929 UNITED sTA'rss HARRY RALEH RICARDO, LONDON, ENGLAND VALVE FOB TRIAL-COMBUSTION GENES Application fled February 28, 1888, serial No.

This invention has reference to valves or valvular devices of the poppet or mushroom type for admitting the airto the linder of an internal combustion engine of t e type in which the ignition of the fuel is produced by the heat ofeompression and to such valves or valvular devices as are formed or arranged to afford a preferential path to the air entermg the cylmder. The invention is particularly applicable to c linders of the overhead-valve type'an may be) employed in connection with engines operating on either the twoor four-stroke cycle.

In en 'nes of the type above referred to it is desira IQ, for the purpose of improvin the distribution of the injected fuel throug out the charge of air, to induce a state of rapid rotational swirl about the axis of the cylinder. To foster this effect it has been proposed to ofiset'the inlet valve from the cylinder centre and to provide the head of the valve with a shield extending over about half of its periphery. It has also been proposed to secure a shield of this character to the valve.

. head-valve internal combustion en ine of the 76 26 casing.

The object'of the present invention is to provide an improvedv construction of valvular device or valve seat adapted to afford a preferential path for the air entering the en- 30 gine cylinder without the formation of minor eddies. 1

A further aim of the invention is to obtain this efiect while avoiding the use of excrescent fixed diificu 55 t to arrange and are liable to come loose and, t the same time, to avoid the use.

' of special, symmetrical valves, which reuire special methods of manufacture, add to t e reciprocating weight and must be constrained so as to prevent their rotation and which tend to reduce the volumetric efliciency.

According to the invention, the valve seat member or the part immediately adjacent to that in which the valve" seat is formed (hereinafter referred to as the valve seat member) is asymmetrical in shape, a portion being formed in such a manner that a prefer.- ential ath is given to the entering 8.11; On one si e the valve seat is heavily masked,

parts or walls, which are costly and 1 as exemplified by the surface 1."

258,022, and in Great Britain larch a, 19:17.

while on the side which lies in the direction towards which the turbulent flow is desiredto rotate, this mask is more or less completely cut away. This cut-away portion may occupy more or less of one-half the circumference of the valve seat.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and

Fi re 2 an inverted plan view showing one cm of the valve seating according to so the invention; and

Figures 8 and 4 are similar views of another form according to the invention.

In order to avoid the employment of a valve member the mass of which is unba'lo5 anced or out of true, it is preferred to a ply the invention to the seat or a fixed part of the control. This form also has the advantage that a normal or standard-t e of movable valve member may be utilize which also facilitates replacement or repair.

In carrying the invention into effect as applied b way of example to a valvular device for t e combustion chamber of an overkind in which the ignition of the uel is produced by the heat of compression, the cylinder head is formed with a valve seat, the axis of which is eccentric to that of the cylinder and preferably such that the whole of the so seat lies to one side of the diametric plane of the cylinder. The approach to this valve is referably along a ath which is nearl hermental and which orms a tangent to t e desired whirl path.

This valve seat, which is denoted by the general reference 1, is formed with an active valve seating portion 1 of known kind and. a rebated recess 1". This rebated ortion, instead of continuing wholly around t e valve seat, is mutilated or removed over a substantial are, for example half of the circumference of the seat, the cutting away or removal bein effected in an even continuation of the have or inclination of the valve seat proper This surface 19 merges into the valve seat andrebate 1" gradually as seen at 1 adjacent the diametric plane of the valve.

A standard valve member2 isprovided having a valve head 2' formed with a part 2" adapted to co-operate with the valve seat 1 and efiect control of the aperture.

In operation, when the valve opens the gases passing through the conduit 3 will have a tendency to escape to the ri ht of the valve as seen in'Figure 1 rather t an to the left Q more or less normal to the cylinder axis,

more especially if this takes cup which, co-operatin jacent to t thereby creating a whirling or helical turbulent eilect.

In carrying the invention into effect according to another convenient mode (see Fig- I ures 3 and 4) the valve and valve seat are,

as already described in connection with Figures 1 and 2, dispo'sed'eccentric to the cylinder but in this case the valve and seat have their axis inclined away from the erpendicular to a plane at ri lit-angles to t e axis of the cylinder. In a dition to the inclination the valve seat 1 towards one side is arranged so that it lies adjacent and preferably practicall 'merges into the under surface of the c lin er head as shown, for example, at 1, t appposite side of the valve seatl ing within a recessed part 1 which it will tie gradually tapers ofi towards the part 1'. This tiltinggor cantiug of the valve seat and the elimination of the wall bounding the recess 1 affords a referential path for the air to the left of t e valve seen in Figures 3 and 4 as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3 and to enhance this effect the conduit 3" is preferably curved or inclined to the right so that.

the air travellin to the valve moves in a directlon general y corres nding with that of the direction of escape o lihe gases through the valve.

The invention is particularly suitable for use with internal combustion engines provided with pistons-with heads formed as a surface of rotation about the cylinder axis, the form of a with 'the cylinder head at the inward d'ea centre, reduces the effective diameter of the inlet whirl and this increases its rotational velocity just as injection takes place.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. valvular device of the type described in which the valve seat is formed in a recess or port a plortion of which immediately ade' valve seat iscut away or Inn- -ranged who observed tilated towards one side so as to afford a preferential path or greater area of opening or the air.

2. A valvular device of the type described or as claimed in claim 1 in which the'axis of the valve is inclined so as to provide a preferential path or greater area ,of opening at that side of the valve towards which the axis is inclined.

3. A valvular device as claimed in claim 1 in which the cut-away portion or mutilation extends over substantially one-half of the valve seat member.

4. A valvular device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve and valve seat are eccentric to the c linder axis and preferably arlly to one side of a diametric plane of the cylinder.

5. A valvular device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet conduit is curved or inclined to the axis of the valve in such a.

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